Files are available under licenses specified on their description page. Porifera  Gazave, E. et al. 2012. Demospongiae These sponges typically inhabit shady locations, under overhangs and inside caves. A few preserved spicules from the Carboniferous could potentially be from a homoscleromorph sponge, but definitive records are only known from the Mesozoic. PLoS ONE: 7(4), pp. CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (, "Molecular phylogeny restores the supra-generic subdivision of homoscleromorph sponges (porifera, homoscleromorpha)", "No longer Demospongiae: Homoscleromorpha formal nomination as a fourth class of Porifera", https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ympev.2013.01.010, "Overview of the Homoscleromorpha sponges diversity in the Mediterranean", https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Homosclerophorida&oldid=985429811, Short description is different from Wikidata, Taxonbars using multiple manual Wikidata items, Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License, This page was last edited on 25 October 2020, at 22:27. The Integrative Taxonomic Approach Applied to Porifera: A Case Study of the Homoscleromorpha, Integrative and Comparative Biology,  53(3), pp. 416–427, https://doi.org/10.1093/icb/ict042, Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-ShareAlike 4.0 International License, Key features of group: leucon body form, small tetraxonic silica spicules if present. 687(1): 3-10. Boury-Esnault, N., Lavrov, D.V., Ruiz, C.A., Pérez, T., 2013. All structured data from the file and property namespaces is available under the Creative Commons CC0 License; all unstructured text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License; additional terms may apply. Sponge Research Developments. No longer Demospongiae: Homoscleromorpha formal nomination as a fourth class of Porifera. In: Maldonado M, Turon X, Becerro MA, Uriz MJ (eds) Ancient Animals, New Challenges. Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 International License, Creative Commons Attribution-Share Alike 2.0 Generic License, Integrative and Comparative Biology,  53(3), pp. Los homoscleromorfos (Homoscleromorpha) son una clase de esponjas (ex phylum Porifera). 1-29. Sponge leucon body plan modified from original image by 'Philcha' (Wikimedia Commons; Creative Commons Attribution-Share Alike 3.0 Public Domain Dedication). Reproduction is viviparous and the larva is an oval form known as an amphiblastula. This page was last edited on 15 December 2019, at 23:39. [5][6], It has been suggested that Homoscleromorpha are more closely related to eumetazoans than to the other sponge groups, rendering sponges paraphyletic. Sponges are known to possess remarkable reconstitutive and regenerative abilities ranging from common wounding or body part regeneration to more impressive re-building of a functional body from dissociated cells. [7] This view has not been supported by later work using larger datasets and new techniques for phylogenetic inference, which tend to support sponges as monophyletic, with Homoscleromorpha grouping together with Calcarea. They have a leucon body plan and small tetraxon spicules. Palaeoworld: 27, pp. Image by: NOAA (Wikimedia Commons; Creative Commons Attribution-Share Alike 2.0 Generic License). Las Homoscleromorpha se caracterizan por presentar un esqueleto variable (con o sin espículas de silíce). However due to advances in using genetic data to reconstruct sponge phylogeny, this newly recognized clade was discovered. Hydrobiologia: 687, pp. Unless otherwise indicated, the written and visual content on this page is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-ShareAlike 4.0 International License. This might suggest that under-explored areas and cryptic habitats might just be where these unique sponges thrive (Gerovasileiou and Voultsiadou, 2012). Since water is vital to sponges for excretion, feeding, and gas exchange, their body structure facilitates the movement of water through the sponge. Proceedings of the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences, 286(1906), 20190831. Laumer, C. E., Fernández, R., Lemer, S., Combosch, D., Kocot, K. M., Riesgo, A., Andrade, S. C. S., Sterrer, W., Sørensen, M. V., & Giribet, G. (2019). Homoscleromorpha ←. Early sponge evolution: A review and phylogenetic framework. A strange liver sponge. The aspiculate species are the genera Oscarella and Pseudocorticium. Revisiting metazoan phylogeny with genomic sampling of all phyla. Image by Jaleigh Q. Pier, licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 International License. Otra característica que diferencia las Homoscleromorpha de otras esponjas es la presencia de un flagelo en los pinacocitos, o células de recubrimiento interno (endopinacocitos) o externo (ectopinacocitos) –– 2. Plakortis sp. Hexactinellida Original caption: "A. Oscarella lobularis (Oscarellidae): two color morphs from NW Mediterranean Sea (photos courtesy of Jean Vacelet & Thierry Pérez); B. Plakortis simplex (Plakinidae) specimen hanging from the ceiling of the 3PPs cave (NW Mediterranean Sea), a paradise for Homoscleromorpha species (at least 8 species belonging to 4 different genera are present); red arrow indicates the presence of Oscarella microlobata and a green arrow Plakina jani (photo courtesy Thierry Pérez); C. Plakina jani (Plakinidae) detail of the lobes, 3PPs cave (NW Mediterranean Sea) (photo courtesy Jean Vacelet); D. Spicules of Plakinidae: triods, diods and lophose calthrops; E. Spicules of Corticium candelabrum (Plakinidae): calthrops and candelabrum (heterolophose calthrops); F. Corticium candelabrum NW Mediterranean Sea (photos courtesy of Jean Vacelet)." 17. [10], Sperling, Pisani and Peterson 2007, cited in: The Cambrian Explosion p. 80, Erwin and Valentine 2013. Homoscleromorpha are exclusively marine sponges that tend to encrust on other surfaces at shallow depths. Living homoscleromorph sponges can be divided into two families; Oscarellidae and Plakinidae. The order is composed of two families: Plakinidae and Oscarellidae. Highly simplified overview of porifera phylogeny based in part on the hypothesis of relationships presented by Botting and Muir (2018). The spiculate genera in this group are Aspiculophora, Corticium, Placinolopha, Plakina, Plakinasterella, Plakortis and Tetralophophora. By (Van Soest et al., 2012) (Wikimedia Commons; Creative Commons Attribution-Share Alike 3.0 Public Domain Dedication). Van Soest, R.W.M., et al. In the Mediterranean Sea, 82% of the species in this taxon can be found in caves, and 41% of them are found nowhere else. This form is usual in calcareous sponges but is less common in other sponges. 1-23. Deep metazoan phylogeny: When different genes tell different stories. Homoscleromorphs or, sometimes, "homosclerophorids") are usually encrusting sponges, found all over the world in cool to tropical marine environments growing like underwater lichen on the surface of hard substrates. Above images from left to right are: Left image by: Parent Géry (Wikimedia Commons; Public Domain). Brusca Richard C.& Gary J. Brusca. Presentan lámina basal que delimita las capas internas (tejidos). Image by: Parent Géry (Wikimedia Commons; Public Domain). Right image by: Philippe Bourjon (Wikimedia Commons; Creative Commons Attribution-Share Alike 4.0 Public Domain Dedication). [5], There are 117 species in this group divided into 9 genera.[6]. –– 6. Presentan lámina basal que delimita las capas internas (tejidos). Gerovasileiou, V., and E. Voultsiadou, 2012. McGraw Hill Interamericana. –– 4. Stromatoporoidea Any opinions, findings, and conclusions or recommendations expressed in this material are those of the author(s) and do not necessarily reflect the views of the National Science Foundation. Image by: Nick Hobgood (Wikimedia Commons; Creative Commons Attribution-Share Alike 3.0 Public Domain Dedication). A sea cucumber on a chicken liver sponge (Plakortis sp.) –– 1. –– 5. It is the only order in the monotypic class Homoscleromorpha. 2007. They have a leucon body plan and small tetraxon spicules. No longer Demospongiae: Homoscleromorpha formal nomination as a fourth class of Porifera. Estas esponjas pueden ser masivas o incrustante, y están frecuentemente asociadas a cavidades oscuras o cuevas submarinas PLoS ONE: 7(7), pp. In both Homoscleromorpha and Eumetazoa layers of cells are bound together by attachment to a carpet-like basal membrane composed mainly of "type IV" collagen, a form of collagen not found in other sponges – although the spongin fibers that reinforce the mesohyl of … Homoscleromorphs have an extremely poor fossil record due to their tiny spicules and encrusting forms, which rarely preserve well. See captions of individual images for attributions. Homosclerophorida is an order of marine sponges. –– 3. This page was written by Jaleigh Q. Pier. 2.ª Edición. Invertebrados. Homoscleromorphs have an extremely poor fossil record due to their tiny spicules and encrusting forms, which rarely preserve well. In one study, 70% of all Homoscleromorpha families and genera of the Mediterranean Sea were discovered within caves of the region. Las Homoscleromorpha se caracterizan por presentar un esqueleto variable (con o sin espículas de silíce).

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